NEW YORK, BRONX (ORDO News) — Googolplex (from the English googolplex) is a number equal to 10 googol (ten to the power of googol), that is, 1010100. In decimal notation, the number can be represented as one unit and a googol of zeros after it.
Like googol, the term “googolplex” was coined by American mathematician Edward Kasner and his nephew Milton Sirotta.
The number of googols (and even more so, the googolplex) is greater than the number of all particles in the part of the universe known to us, which ranges from 1079 to 1081.
The factorial of a googol is greater than the googolplex: 10100 ! = 109.9565705518×10101
The largest numbers in the Universe – up to Graham’s number
With the help of popular science videos and our explanations, you will understand what is impossible to understand. What is a googol, googloplex and Graham’s number.
Preface
The theme of eternity and infinity is eternal and endless. And it is just as endlessly interesting to watch popular science films and videos that reveal the topic in at least some new way and preferably visually.
What is the largest Graham number?
Drawing on paper the Graham number, the largest operand of mathematics, is a great problem: it cannot be written even in the form of powers of powers! To write it, a special formula is used – Knuth notation or Conway chain.
Graham’s number is unimaginably larger than a googol (one followed by one hundred zeros). And even more than a googolplex (10 to the power of a googol)! But the Googleplex already completely “contains” our entire Universe.
Counts. that if we were tempted to write Graham’s number in the form of decimal digits the size of quantum objects, then we would not have enough of the entire Universe.
Graham’s number is not an abstract absurdity, it has a concrete mathematical meaning, and therefore in the 80s it was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest mathematical value.
It was found while solving a combinatorics problem. There they took a multidimensional cube (scientifically speaking, an n-dimensional cube), connected all its vertices to each other, obtaining a figure called a “complete graph”, in which there were 2 to the power of n vertices. Each rib was mentally painted in one of two colors – blue or red.
Next, a tricky question was asked: for what is the smallest value of n, each coloring of a complete graph necessarily contains a single-colored complete subgraph with four vertices, all of which lie in the same plane, that is, primitively speaking, contains a single-colored rectangle.
The simplest example of setting up a problem with an ordinary cube, where n=3, and the number of vertices in the complete graph is 8. In this coloring, a single-color rectangle was found, but, as you understand, in other colorings it may not exist.
During the work on this exercise, the minimum and maximum boundaries were determined where to look for a solution. As you guessed, the upper limit is the Graham number.
What is googol?
This is not a spelling mistake! The Google search site takes its name from this very large number. A googol, officially known as ten duotrigintillion or ten thousand secdecillion, is a one with a hundred zeros after it. In written form, a googol looks like this: 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000.00 0,000,000,000,000,000.
The scientific designation for googol is 1 x 10.100. Even though we see million and billion as large numbers, there are 1 x 1094 “Millions” or 1 x 1091 “Billions” in a googol, which shows how much larger a googol is than these numbers.
Googol got his name in 1938, when nine-year-old Milton Sirotta came up with the name and suggested it to his uncle, mathematician Edward Kasner. When Google’s founders were looking for a name for their website (then called “BackRub”) that would showcase the vast amount of information it could provide, they chose “googol” but accidentally missed it and a star was born.
A googol is such a big number that our minds can’t even comprehend it, and because it’s so big, it doesn’t play a particularly important role in mathematics. It is estimated that there are only 4 x 1079 atoms in the universe, which is smaller than a googol. This means that there is nothing googol on earth, not a grain of sand, not a drop of water in the oceans, etc. They don’t even come close to a googol, which can help us understand how huge this number is. Therefore, googol gives an accurate estimate of something only for hypotheses.
A typical example: there are assumed to be 1 x 10123 ways to play chess, which is pretty close to a googol. This is a very rough estimate, but it is easy to see how this number could get so large. After each chess player makes his first move, there are 400 possible board layouts. After each player has made two moves, there are 197,742 arrangements, after three moves there are over 100 million, and from that point on the number continues to grow exponentially.
What is googolplex?
If you don’t have enough googol, there are even bigger numbers! One of them is a googolplex, which is a one followed by a googol of zeros. The scientific design for googolplex is 1 x 10.10^100
As massive as a googol is, a googolplex is many, many times larger, such that it is impossible to write down all the zeros. There will be ten-duotrigintillion of them!
Counting to a googolplex would be even more impossible. We can’t calculate how long this will take, but it is estimated to take longer than the age of the universe. By comparison, it would take approximately 31,709 years to count a trillion, and a trillion is just a one followed by twelve zeros! Edward Kasner and his colleague James Newman wrote this about the googolplex in their 1940 book. Mathematics and Imagination: “You will get some idea of the size of this very large but finite number from the fact that there would not be enough room to write it down if you went to the farthest star, going around all the nebulae and putting zeros on every inch of the way. “Wow!
So what’s the point of such a large number? Kasner discussed the googol and the googolplex to show the difference between incredibly large numbers and infinity. Kasner believed that people overuse the term “infinity” when they really only mean a large number, so he developed googol and googolplex to differentiate the two concepts.
Biggest numbers
“Which number is the largest?” is one of the first questions children ask about numbers. This question is an important step in the process of understanding the world of abstract concepts. The answer to this question is usually limited to the statement that large numbers are considered infinite. However, at a certain point it turns out that the numbers can be so large that their practical application in real life is both impossible and meaningless, and the only thing that justifies their existence is the fact of their formal existence.
To make a list of huge numbers, I could simply write down some huge number as number one, and then add +1, +2, +3, and so on until the end of the list. Instead, I decided to take 10 numbers that have a specific application in real life. I have arranged them in ascending order, giving brief explanations of what they are and how they apply in life, even if the scope is small, especially compared to the size of the number itself.
1080
Ten to the eightieth power is a number with 80 zeros after 1. This is a huge number, but from a certain point of view it has a specific scope. This number represents the approximate number of elementary particles in the universe. We are not talking about microscopic particles, but about subatomic particles, which are quarks and leptons. The name of this number in modern English (American and British English) is Quinquavigintillion. The number of these tiny particles that make up the entire known universe may seem enormous, but it is the smallest and easiest to understand number on this list.
8.5 x 10185
The Planck length, or Planck’s constant, is approximately 1.616199 x 10−35 meters, or, to write it in the longer form, 0.00000000000000000000000000000616199 meters. There are about one googol of Planck lengths in one cubic inch. The Planck length plays an important role in string theory (a field of quantum physics), and because of its short length, it theoretically allows previously unknown measurements to be determined.
Why are such negligible values on this list? There are approximately 8.5 x 10185 Planck lengths in the universe. This is a huge number and has no practical use, but it is quite easy to compare this number with the rest of the numbers on the list.
2^43,112,609 – 1
The previous 185-digit number was equal to the number of Planck lengths in the universe. Number 7 is the 13,000,000-digit number. The formal existence of this number is that it is the largest prime number. The number was discovered in 2008 through the Gridded Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) project. Starting with the next number on the list, the numbers will be much more difficult to understand.
∞ – Infinity
All people know this number, and constantly use it for exaggeration – for example, as the number “zillion” (zillion is an English non-existent numeral used in the English-speaking environment to describe unimaginably large sizes, the analogue in Russian is one hundred thousand billion). However, infinity is not such a simple concept as it seems at first glance. If you thought there were some really weird numbers on the list so far, this is the weirdest and most controversial of all the numbers.
According to the rules of infinity, there is an infinite number of both even and odd numbers. However, odd numbers will be exactly half of the total number. Infinity plus one equals infinity, if we subtract one we get infinity, adding two infinities we get infinity, and infinity divided by two equals infinity, and if we subtract infinity from infinity, the result is not entirely clear, but infinity divided by infinity most likely equals unit.
Scientists have determined that there are 1080 subatomic particles in the known part of the Universe, and this is the part that scientists have studied. Many scientists are sure that the Universe is infinite, and scientists who are skeptical about the infinity of the Universe still admit such a possibility in this matter.
If the Universe is infinite, then from a mathematical point of view it turns out that somewhere there is an exact copy of our planet, since there is a possibility that the atoms of the “double” occupy the same position as on our planet. The chances that such an option exists are negligible, although, in an infinite Universe, this is not only possible, but must also happen, and at least an infinite number of times, provided that the Universe is still infinitely infinite.
However, not everyone is convinced that the Universe is infinite. Israeli mathematician Professor Doron Zeilberger is convinced that numbers cannot increase indefinitely, and there is a number so huge that if you add one to it, you get zero. However, this number and its meaning are far beyond human understanding and it is likely that this number will never be found or proven. This belief is the central tenet of the mathematical philosophy known as Ultra-Infinity.
One Googol
The frequently used name of the popular search engine is pronounced almost the same as the word googol. This number has a very interesting history, and you can easily find it on the Internet if you Google it. The term was first used by 9-year-old Milton Sirotta in 1938. This is a relatively abstract and formally existing number that has found application in certain areas.
“Human Calculator” Alexis Lemaire set a world record by calculating the 13th root of a 100-digit number. For comparison, the 13th root of 8.192 is 2. A hundred-digit number is a googol. One of the numbers Lemar calculated was pronounced like this: 3 googol, 893 duotrigintillion…and so on. Another area of application of this number is to designate the period of time, approximately from 1 to 1.5 gougol years, that will pass from the time of the big bang until the explosion of the most massive black hole. This will be the last stable state of the Universe before disintegration, and when this happens, the Universe will enter the fifth and final era of its existence, known as the Age of Darkness. The physical end of the universe is based on several scientific models.
Other Big Numbers You Should Know
Guess what? There are even more numbers than the googolplex, although not many. If you want to learn about all the big numbers and see a chart that makes it easy to compare them to each other, check out our guide to big numbers.
One of the numbers larger than the googolplex is the Skewes number. The Skuse number, developed by mathematician Stanley Skuse, is from 10 to the 10th to the 10th to the 34th, or is:
- Skuse was particularly interested in prime numbers, and when his number was introduced in 1933, it was described as the largest number in mathematics.
However, the Skewes number is no longer considered the maximum possible number; the title now goes to Graham’s number. The Graham number, which cannot be written in conventional notation, was developed by the mathematician R.L. Graham. It is so large that even if all the matter in the universe were turned into pens and ink, it would still not be enough to completely write down the number.
What will happen in Google years?
What will tomorrow be like? Perhaps the most important question of all humanity. Everyone would like to look a couple of years into the future and look at themselves. Well, what if I suggested that you go to the very, very, very distant future. There are many assumptions on the Internet about what will happen in 100, 1000, 10,000 years. And if you look even further. What will happen in GOOGLE years.
What will happen in the future?
First, it’s worth figuring out how long it is—GOOGOL years. Within the universe, this is not long at all, but for a person this is a significant time. For specifics, this is one and one hundred zeros. Impressive? This is truly a long time. To live up to this time, it will take not one or even a thousand generations.
Let’s get started. We will go from strength to strength. So to speak, approaching the end, the googol of years. First stop at 1,000,000,000 AD. The sun became brighter by 10 percent. The average temperature of the Earth is now 47 degrees Celsius. The seas and oceans are gradually evaporating. The vapor-saturated atmosphere creates a powerful greenhouse effect. Earth is no longer the most favorable place in the solar system.
The most powerful greenhouse effect
3,800,000,000 AD. At a speed of 400 thousand kilometers per hour, Andromeda flies towards the Milky Way. In the distant 21st century, it was two and a half million light years from Earth. At this point, she has already reached the point of contact. Two monsters merge into one. A new galaxy is forming.
5,000,000,000 AD. The solar system, already located in the new Mle-Kameda galaxy, is experiencing the last stage of its existence. The sun is about to reach the point of no return. Its radius increases very quickly. Now it is 200 times more than in the 21st century. All planets and their satellites are destroyed. From now on, the Red Giant dominates here.
Red giant
12,000,000,000 AD. The system that used to be full of life now looks like this. All that remains of the Sun is a small, dense White Dwarf, which gradually dims and cools, moving into the stage of a cold and inactive Black Dwarf. There is NOTHING around. But soon even NOTHING will disappear.
100,000,000,000 AD. An irregular supercluster of galaxies, the Virgo Supercluster, about 200-100 million light-years in size and containing many galaxies (including ours), has now become so ancient that it has begun to stabilize and converge into one huge galaxy extending over many millions of light-years. The same phenomenon occurs with other superclusters. They also begin to come together. But due to the acceleration of dark energy, this happens very, very slowly. At the moment, between superclusters there are huge distances of the cosmic abyss.
Virgo Supercluster
1,000,000,000,000 AD. Beginning of the End. Most of all existing galaxies are dying. There are almost no gas clouds left, which are necessary for the formation of new stars.
Gas clouds in space
2,000,000,000,000 AD. Dark energy is sweeping the vast expanses of the universe faster and faster. At this moment, its size reached truly gigantic proportions. The acceleration becomes so fast that all objects that are outside the local supercluster of galaxies are no longer visible. If there are still surviving intelligent beings in the universe, then they are no longer able to obtain new empirical data about the state of large-scale structures on the scales studied in the past.
Dark energy
20,000,000,000,000 AD. The end of the starry sunset. Even the longest-lived stars in our galaxy – Red dwarfs – go to another world. After them, only small, cold Black Dwarfs and a bunch of radiation emitted by them remain, as well as the lords of nothingness – Black Holes. The galaxy is getting darker.
100,000,000,000,000 AD. The last star of the universe went to its forefathers. Apart from White, Brown and Black dwarfs, there are no more luminaries left in the universe before Neutron stars. Black holes eat the remains of planets drifting restlessly in eternal darkness.
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0000 AD. This is the penultimate stage of the existence of something. An era when all the remaining energy in the universe is generated only due to the decay of the proton and the annihilation of individual particles. All wandering planets have already either disintegrated into elementary particles or have been caught by Black holes. The universe is dying.
GOOGLE AD. Almost over. The Universe has expanded so much that no words are enough to describe the distance between the last surviving Black Holes and subatomic particles. The end of nothingness. The last black holes evaporated under Hawking radiation. There is NOTHING anymore. And not even ANYTHING. No more…
Here we come to the end, where there is NOTHING, NOTHING left. The outcome for intelligent beings is quite deplorable, but in such a huge amount of time we will come up with something. And this is material for another article.
The first three googolplex years
History of the Universe from zero seconds to countless times Planck Epoch (10^-43 s) Epoch of Grand Unification (10^-43 – 10^-36 seconds) Inflation (10^-36 – 10^-32 seconds) Epochs of electroweak interactions, quarks , hadrons, leptons, nucleosynthesis (10^-32 seconds – 3 minutes) Plasma Epoch (3 minutes – 380 thousand years) Dark Ages (380 thousand – 550 million years) Reionization – the emergence of the first stars, galaxies (550 – 800 million years) Era substances, or the era of stars (800 million – 13.6 billion years, continues to this day) Transformation of the Sun into a red giant (about 19 – 20 billion years) Burnout of stars (10^12 – 10^14 years,or trillion – ten thousand billion years) Destruction of stellar and galactic systems (10^15 – 10^24 years) Decay of protons (10^32 – 10^46 years) Evaporation of black holes and transformation of matter into liquid (10^64 – 10^ 100 years) Age of Iron Stars (10^1500 years) Age of Great Darkness (10^10^26–10^10^76 years) Oleg Feya
In his famous book “The First Three Minutes,” physicist Steven Weinberg described in detail the processes that took place in the Universe immediately after the Big Bang. Much of our knowledge of the early Universe comes from the cosmic microwave background radiation, the electromagnetic echo of the Big Bang that permeates space and time. Guessing the future of the Universe is even more difficult: too many different options are possible, too many bold assumptions have to be made. Nevertheless, let’s take a risk.
Planck epoch (10-43 s)
Late last year, Pope Francis said that “the Big Bang does not contradict the intervention of the Creator and even requires it.” If he intended to subtly hint at the problems of cosmology, then he succeeded. After all, at the moment it is unknown what happened at the very beginning of our Universe, and God can live there, near the point of singularity, on Planck scales. And in order to finally not need the Creator, physicists still need to do a lot of work.
Planck quantities – Planck length, Planck energy, Planck time – these are the limiting dimensions where we can still build at least some theory. They are called so after one of the founders of quantum physics, Max Planck.
We count the time of the Universe from the moment 10-43 seconds after its appearance. This is the minimum time during which, in principle, something can happen. We do not know and cannot even guess what happened at time 0.
Theoretical physicist John Wheeler proposed the concept of “quantum foam” for that world. Vacuum, that is, emptiness, with very high energy inside and incredibly curved space. This vacuum somehow “breathes.” In one place a little more energy is collected, in another – a little less. Here comes the foam.
So… 10-43 seconds from the beginning of the Universe. The field, which then filled a tiny point, which later grew into the world familiar to us, at that moment had a colossal energy density corresponding to a temperature of 1032 kelvins. The diameter of the Universe was equal to the Planck length – 10-35 meters. And another record: gigantic density – 5 × 1096 kilograms per cubic meter.
Age of Great Unification (10-43 – 10-36 seconds)
In the world that surrounds us, there are four fundamental interactions. Gravitation attracts bodies to each other. The electromagnetic attracts or repels charged particles, and the quanta of the electromagnetic field are photons, that is, light. The strong interaction combines quarks into protons and neutrons (together called nucleons), and the nucleons themselves into atoms. Thanks to the weak interaction, quarks can exchange energy, mass, and charge with each other.
In our world, these interactions are independent of each other. But it was not like that at the beginning of time. Then the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces were unified. This time is called the era of the Great Unification (logically there should also be an era of the Greatest, when gravity is added to the common cauldron, but there is no such theory yet).
At the end of the Great Unification era, when the energy density of the Universe decreased, the strong interaction separated, provoking such an important stage in the development of the Universe as inflation.
Inflation (10-36 – 10-32 seconds)
The universe at the inflation stage is a soap bubble that not only does not want to collapse, but is expanding at tremendous speed. According to the inflationary theory, the most popular in cosmology, the early Universe was filled with a scalar field – the inflaton – with a negative energy density. Inflaton is very similar to dark energy – a little-studied thing, which, however, makes up 70% of the mass of everything in the world – and quite possibly is it, continuing to expand our world with acceleration, just not as enormous as in that distant time.
During the inflation stage, enormous energy almost instantly expanded the Universe from the miniature state in which we left it in the last paragraph to an object the size of a microbe.
And it was still a vacuum with a huge curvature of space. But this is not enough: in the vacuum there were energy fluctuations – somewhere more, somewhere less. At the next stage, when energy began to transfer into matter, these fluctuations will become fixed in space. Somewhere there will be more substance, somewhere less. As a result, we will get stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies… If there were no such vacuum disturbances, then nothing would exist, including “Schrodinger’s Cat,” everything would be filled with homogeneous radiation. But the Universe turned out exactly as we know it.
Epochs of electroweak interactions, quarks, hadrons, leptons, nucleosynthesis (10-32 seconds – 3 minutes)
Everyone, of course, remembers Einstein’s equation about the correspondence between energy and mass of matter. So, at the end of inflation, the energy density decreased significantly, and quark-gluon plasma was formed from it, a kind of quark soup. This took fractions of a nanosecond in time, and bosons were formed – carriers of the weak interaction, and the famous Higgs boson.
Quarks are the fundamental building blocks of the Universe. Three quarks combine to form heavy baryons, the best known of which are the proton and neutron. This process takes place in about a fraction of a millisecond, starting at the inflationary stage. It is at this moment (although we don’t know for sure) that an event difficult to explain by physicists occurs – a violation of baryon symmetry, when there is suddenly more matter than antimatter. After all, particles and antiparticles should have been born in those days at the same speed. But then they would have annihilated each other without a trace, and nothing interesting would have come out of our Universe. There are several hypotheses for symmetry breaking, but none is recognized as definitive.
Up to a hundredth of a second after the Big Bang, the quark-gluon plasma cooled enough for the massive production of hadrons, including protons and neutrons. Due to the annihilation of matter and antimatter, only a few original particles remain. And during annihilation, particles and antiparticles turned into photons – light.
Protons and neutrons combined into atomic nuclei, until the third minute they formed hydrogen nuclei – they made up about 75% of all nuclei, 25% of helium, a little deuterium, boron.
This is how the “hot” stage of the Big Bang began. A substance appeared.
If you started reading this article from the beginning, then most likely you have already spent more time reading than all the processes described took.
What interesting numbers are there before Google?
People are accustomed to working with large numbers, but they cannot always imagine what these numbers could mean.
- One million. Ten to the 6th power. People are very accustomed to this number and encounter it quite often. For example, you can’t buy an apartment in Moscow for 1 million rubles, but you can buy a car. You can build a stack of a million books, and this stack will not leave the atmosphere. The Bible consists of more than 2 million letters. A million bacteria are practically invisible to the human eye. If a human hair were magnified a million times, it would be about 100 m in diameter.
- One billion. Ten to the 9th power or a thousand million. People hear about billions, but they encounter them much less often than millions. It’s not difficult to imagine a billion money, and it doesn’t matter whether it’s rubles or dollars. If you put a billion water molecules in one chain, you get a chain about 30 centimeters long. The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons. Over the entire history of the Earth, about 100 billion people have also lived on it. One billion seconds would be more than 31 years.
- One trillion. Ten to the 12th power. How much money is this? It’s already harder to imagine. According to rough estimates, there is just over 4 trillion dollars in cash floating around on Earth. Approximately 6 trillion kilograms of oxygen are inhaled by people on Earth per year. If you put 1 trillion bacteria together, you can form a cube with sides one centimeter. It is believed that about 1 trillion bacteria are found on the human body, that is, on the skin alone.
Further, many more numbers can be given, but they are becoming more and more difficult to imagine, because it is difficult to find an example that would describe them. But still, people still “hear” such numbers every other time, for example:
- quadrillion – 10 to the 15th power;
- quintillion – 10 to the 18th power;
- sextillion – 10 to the 21st power;
- septillion – 10 to the 24th power;
- octillion – 10 to the 27th power;
- nonillion – 10 to the 30th power;
- and others.
Before Google, you can continue to raise to the power of 10, and such numbers have their own notation. However, in ordinary life people practically do not use them. The main use of such numbers is in science.
But even at school we were taught that numbers are infinite, which means that they can be counted forever. But do people need such numbers? After all, a situation may arise that there is a number, but they have nothing to express, that is, they have nothing to count? Maybe.
What number comes after Google?
So, we found out that the larger the number, the less often it is used. A googol is 10 to the 100th power, and it is used to measure the lifetime of our Universe. But what significant number comes after Google? It turns out that after Google there are more numbers that people use.
- 8.5*10185. This number is closely related to another quantity – the “Planck length”. The Planck length is a very small value with a value of 1.616199*10-35. This length is used extensively in quantum computing, but how does it relate to our larger number? The Planck length allows us to calculate the Planck volume, which is also used in quantum physics. Our number 8.5*10185 denotes the number of Planck volumes in the Universe. In simple terms, our number is an attempt to calculate the volume of the Universe. As you understand, this number is very large and there is no practical application for it on Earth.
- 243 112 609 -1. This number is one of the most massive prime numbers known to date. If you write it down, you will need about 13 million digits. Why is it important to people? This number carries the value of the number of Planck volumes used when calculating the volumes of the Universe. That is, this is not the volume of the Universe, as in the first number, but the number of “measurers of its volume.”
- Googolplex. This number represents 10 raised to the power of a googol, that is, 10 raised to a power number with 100 digits. This number is an attempt to measure the number of particles in the entire universe.
- Skewes number. This number shows the upper limit for mathematical calculations. Numbers larger than the Skuse number are believed to break many mathematical rules and behave differently. Even the smallest Skuse number will be much larger than a googolplex and is denoted as: 10˄10˄10˄36, where ˄ is the exponentiation.
- Poincaré’s return time. This is a rather complex topic, but with a rather simple meaning. That is, it is believed that with enough time everything becomes possible. To put it simply: Poincaré’s theorem states that it will take 10˄10˄10˄10˄10˄1.1 years for the Universe to return to its current value.
- Graham number. This number was included in the Guinness Book of Records. It was included there because it is the largest number ever used in mathematical calculations. It is so large that a “arrow” designation was specially invented for it. For example, “2↑2” is “2˄2”, and “2↑↑2” is “2˄2˄2”. In fact, Graham’s number looks like this: G=f64(4), where f(n)=3↑˄n3. In practice, a number consists of several dozen layers of exponentiations, and no one knows the first layer of this number. In practice, Graham’s number is many times larger than the number from Poincaré’s theorem, and its decimal notation cannot be contained in the Universe, since it is too small for this.
- Infinity. This number has been known since school. It is impossible to even imagine what the numbers up to this point look like and how to write or describe them. Infinity lives by its own rules, and practically nothing is known about it. It is true that there are scientists who claim that infinity does not exist. And there is a number to which you can add 1, and you get 0.
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